|
Market
1. Imports of green coffee
According to German foreign trade statistics the gross imports of not-decaffeinated green coffee into the Federal Republic of Germany in 2006 reached around 16,67 million bags (1.000.620 tons), compared to around 14,99 million bags (899.886 tons) in 2005. These figures include coffee imported for free circulation, for passive processing under customs control and for storage. Stocks in terms of foreign trade statistics comprise free ports and customs stocks as well as open customs stocks.
Subtracting the amounts of green coffee imports that were declared as not being destined for the German market but subject to passive processing under customs control, 16.676.234 bags (1.000.574 tons) of green coffee were imported into the EU through Germany. In 2005 the comparable volume was 14.996.054 bags (899.763 tons).
The currently used method for data collection for import statistics generates figures representing the flow of goods rather than an exact registration of imports. This is illustrated by the fact that the import figures remained largely unchanged even if consumption in Germany dropped. Details regarding the countries of provenance has also suffered, although it is still possible to identify the approximate share of the various supplying countries.
|
Federal Republic of Germany: net imports of not-
decaffeinated green coffee
- in bags of 60 kilos - |
|
Countries of origin |
2005 |
2006 |
| Brazil |
4.246.290 |
4.747.490 |
| Vietnam |
2.548.540 |
3.102.566 |
| Columbia |
1.446.586 |
1.527.795 |
| Peru |
741.245 |
1.247.366 |
| Indonesia |
1.405.440 |
1.032.175 |
| Honduras |
671.243 |
973.675 |
| Ethiopia |
676.656 |
655.231 |
| El Salvador |
441.102 |
428.156 |
| Papua New Guinea |
477.743 |
385.353 |
| India |
159.438 |
364.352 |
| Guatemala |
282.535 |
294.270 |
| Uganda |
169.237 |
254.251 |
| Kenya |
225.366 |
216.937 |
| Costa Rica |
209.843 |
169.537 |
| Rwanda |
141.113 |
156.449 |
| Nicaragua |
99.275 |
154.075 |
| Tanzania |
212.818 |
153.385 |
|
Mexico |
183.804 |
143.342 |
| Thailand |
31.473 |
128.250 |
| Others |
626.307 |
541.579 |
| Total |
14.996.054 |
16.676.234 |
| Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany |
In 2006 imports of not-decaffeinated green coffee were 11% higher than the previous year. The list of the countries of origin has remained fairly stable. Brazil remained the largest supplier, but with an increase in volume (11,8% higher). Vietnam is placed second - also with an increase in volume of 21,7% and Colombia shows an increase in volume of 5,6%.
|
Federal Republic of Germany: Percentage distribution of not-
decaffeinated green coffee net imports by main sources
- in % - |
|
Countries of origin |
2005 |
2006 |
| Brazil |
28,32 |
28,47 |
| Vietnam |
16,99 |
18,60 |
| Columbia |
9,65 |
9,16 |
| Peru |
4,94 |
7,48 |
| Indonesia |
9,37 |
6,19 |
| Honduras |
4,48 |
5,84 |
| Ethiopia |
4,51 |
3,93 |
| El Salvador |
2,94 |
2,57 |
| Papua New Guinea |
3,19 |
2,31 |
| India |
1,06 |
2,18 |
| Guatemala |
1,88 |
1,76 |
| Uganda |
1,13 |
1,52 |
| Kenya |
1,50 |
1,30 |
| Costa Rica |
1,40 |
1,02 |
| Rwanda |
0,94 |
0,94 |
| Nicaragua |
0,66 |
0,92 |
| Tanzania |
1,42 |
0,92 |
| Mexico |
1,23 |
0,86 |
| Thailand |
0,21 |
0,77 |
| Others |
4,18 |
3,25 |
| Total |
100,00 |
100,00 |
| Source: Federal Statistical Office Germany |
The distribution of green coffee imports according to ICO coffee groups showed no change between Arabicas and Robustas.
|
Federal Republic of Germany: Percentage distribution of not-
decaffeinated green coffee net imports by types of coffee
- in % - |
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
| Arabicas |
72 |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
|
Colombian Milds |
|
12 |
|
13 |
|
11 |
|
Other Milds |
|
28 |
|
25 |
|
27 |
|
Brazilian Naturals |
|
32 |
|
33 |
|
33 |
| Robustas |
28 |
|
29 |
|
29 |
|
| Unknown |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
2. Coffee consumption
Import figures, production statistics or even tax revenue data on their own no longer provide reliable information regarding the size or development of the domestic market for coffee products. As a consequence since 1992 a working group of the German Coffee Association (“Working Group Market Research”) evaluates all available data. Relevant information is gathered through the “Coffee Registration Pool” of the German Coffee Association, through which a trustee covers about 85% of coffee sales on a four-monthly basis.
The turnover of the German coffee industry reached EUR 4,25 billion in 2006, which was an increase of turnover of 6% compared to 2005. This was mainly due to market growth and to the adaptation to green coffee prices.
Converted into the green coffee equivalent, the volume of coffee sales reached 510.420 tons (8,51 million bags) of green coffee that were processed to roasted and soluble coffee. This is an increase of 1,5%. The statistical per capita consumption in Germany in 2006 reached 6,2 kg (green coffee). In 2005 the figure was 6,1 kg.
Roasted coffee sales increased to a volume of 392.000 tons of roasted coffee in 2006, compared to 386.500 tons in 2005. Soluble coffee sales increased to a volume of 16.900 tons in 2006, compared to 16.500 tons in 2005.
|
Federal Republic of Germany:
Imports of green coffee per capita* |
| Year |
Green coffee imports in tons |
Green coffee per capita in kilos |
| 1953 |
75.417 |
1,5 |
| 1960 |
191.005 |
3,5 |
| 1970 |
295.789 |
4,9 |
| 1980 |
410.748 |
6,7 |
| 1990* |
563.350 |
7,1 |
| 1991 |
590.101 |
7,4 |
| 1992** |
605.500 |
7,5 |
| 1993** |
601.200 |
7,4 |
| 1994** |
578.800 |
7,1 |
| 1995** |
564.600 |
6,9 |
| 1996** |
562.250 |
6,9 |
| 1997** |
552.620 |
6,7 |
| 1998** |
548.170 |
6,7 |
| 1999** |
549.520 |
6,7 |
| 2000** |
548.520 |
6,7 |
| 2001** |
549.530 |
6,7 |
| 2002** |
541.050 |
6,6 |
| 2003** |
532.030 |
6,5 |
| 2004** |
525.930 |
6,4 |
| 2005** |
502.835 |
6,1 |
| 2006** |
510.420 |
6,2 |
* including ‘new’ federal states from 1990
** estimated total market volume
Source: German Coffee Association |
|
Federal Republic of Germany: Coffee Market
- in tons - |
|
2005 |
2006 |
|
Total volume green coffee |
502.835 |
510.420 |
|
|
|
|
of which roasted coffee
in green bean equivalent |
386.500
459.935 |
392.000
466.480 |
|
|
|
Roasted coffee, not decaffeinated
Roasted coffee, decaffeinated |
348.000
38.500 |
357.000
35.000 |
|
|
|
included in roasted coffee:
Espreso/Caffè Crema
Coffeepads/-pouches |
25.000
7.000 |
30.000
14.000
|
|
|
|
|
of which soluble coffee*
in green bean equivalent |
16.500
42.900 |
16.900
43.940 |
|
|
|
|
|
Soluble coffee, not-decaffeinated
Soluble coffee, decaffeinated |
15.500
1.000 |
16.000
900 |
* soluble coffee beverages are taken into account with their coffee content only
Source: German Coffee Association |
The market share of various segments showed little or no change. Treated decaffeinated coffee decreased to 8%, untreated others increased to 54% in 2006.
|
Federal Republic of Germany:
Market shares of roasted coffee products
- in % - |
|
2005 |
2006 |
|
Untreated |
71 |
72 |
|
naturally mild |
18 |
18 |
|
others |
53 |
54 |
| Treated |
29 |
28 |
|
decaffeinated |
9 |
8 |
|
special mild |
20 |
20 |
| Source: German Coffee Association |
Non-household consumption is difficult to assess statistically. According to market research, this segment accounts for 30% of the total market. However, a large part of this segment is covered by household packs. There are no exact data as to how many household packs are consumed in the out-of-home sector.
An ever-growing segment in the non-household and the household sector is the market for Espresso and Caffè Crema. In 2006 30.000 tons of Espresso and Caffè Crema were supplied to the total market, which marks an increase of 20%. 2006 was the first year in which the internal German production of Espresso reached the same level as the imports from Italy (15.000 tons each). Instant coffee drinks, introduced in the mid-eighties, continue to increase in sales. In 2006 sales reached 44.700 tons (2005: 44.150 tons). The instant coffee drinks, which consist only partially of coffee extracts, are represented here with their actual weight.
|
Federal Republic of Germany:
Sales of soluble coffee including instant coffee drinks |
| Year |
Total market
- in tons - |
Instant coffee drinks share
- in % - |
| 1990 |
14.200 |
14 |
| 1991 |
15.800 |
21 |
| 1992 |
17.700 |
30 |
| 1993 |
21.700 |
45 |
| 1994 |
24.200 |
52 |
| 1995 |
26.350 |
58 |
| 1996 |
26.450 |
58 |
| 1997 |
26.400 |
60 |
| 1998 |
27.050 |
61 |
| 1999 |
29.910 |
64 |
| 2000 |
32.760 |
67 |
| 2001 |
37.600 |
70 |
| 2002 |
43.300 |
74 |
| 2003 |
49.000 |
76 |
| 2004 |
54.700 |
77 |
| 2005 |
55.700 |
79 |
| 2006 |
56.600 |
79 |
Instant coffee drinks calculated with actual weight
Source: German Coffee Association |
Instant-cappuccinos are the largest sector within the group of instant coffee drinks. Their market-share reached 86% in 2006, cuts in so-called family-packages with a content up to 1000 grams instant-cappuccino (55%), followed by traditional cappuccino (26%) and aroma cappuccino (4%). Latte Macchiato has a market-share of 5%. Iced-coffee, Café au lait and “Wiener Melange” together have a market share of 9%.
3. Developments of prices for roasted coffee
At the beginning of 2006 the average prices for 500 grams roasted coffee reached a level of EUR 3,82. In December 2006 it decreased to EUR 3,70. The annual average for 2006 was EUR 3,79. In March 2007 the prices reached a level of EUR 3,67 per 500 grams.
Comparing the development of prices for roasted coffee in the last years with the development of prices for green coffee one can see, that the significant increase in green coffee prices has only rudimentary been passed on to the consumers. Even if the fluctuations in exchange rates from Dollar to Euro, national coffee taxes as well as other cost factors have to be taken into account when making comparisons, the comparison of world market prices for green coffee to prices for roasted coffee in Germany give an impression of the market tendency.
Federal Republic of Germany:
Retail prices of roasted coffee 1970-2006 |
| Year |
Roasted coffee
- in EURO/500 g - |
| 1970 |
4,24 |
| 1975 |
4,10 |
| 1980 |
4,94 |
| 1985 |
5,46 |
| 1990 |
3,70 |
| 1991 |
3,57 |
| 1992 |
3,55 |
| 1993 |
3,43 |
| 1994 |
3,82 |
| 1995 |
4,08 |
| 1996 |
3,58 |
| 1997 |
3,97 |
| 1998 |
4,02 |
| 1999 |
3,56 |
| 2000 |
3,43 |
| 2001 |
3,27 |
| 2002 |
3,06 |
| 2003 |
3,00 |
| 2004 |
2,91 |
| 2005 |
3,61 |
| 2006 |
3,79 |
average consumer price of not-decaffeinated roasted coffee
Source: German Coffee Association |
4. Comments on particular aspects
Students, consumers, companies and journalists address the German Coffee Association with an increasing number of enquiries on coffee. The Association answers these questions and provides information regarding coffee worldwide, shows trends in consumption and presents recipes on the website www.kaffeeverband.de. Information material such as the coffee library, coffee digests, brochures, posters, a film about coffee and a photo-CD-ROM can be ordered via the website. The website also provides a special section on coffee and health, where people can ask an expert about the effects of coffee on the human body and find information on coffee and its ingredients. |
